Urinary Stone Disease

Your blood transports nutrients and oxygen to the cells of the body and carries away waste material that the body does not need. These waste materials are then brought back...

The urinary system cleans the body of wastes. It gets rid of everything that the body does not need, to maintain balance in the rest of the systems. For instance,...

The torment of a kidney stone attack is not easily forgotten. It is often impossible to believe that something so little can cause so much pain. Most people who have...

Urethral calculi usually originate from the bladder and rarely from the upper tracts. Most ureteral stones that pass spontaneously into the bladder can pass through the urethra unimpeded.  Urethral stones...

Prostatic calculi are found within the prostate gland per se and are found uncommonly within the prostatic urethra. They are thought to represent calcified corpora amylacea and are rarely found...

Bladder calculi usually are a manifestation of an underlying pathologic condition, including voiding dysfunction or a foreign body. Voiding dysfunction may be due to a urethral stricture,  benign prostatic hyperplasia, ...

In general,  50%  of patients experience recurrent urinary stones within 5 years without prophylactic intervention. Appropriate education and preventive measures are best instituted with a motivated patient after spontaneous stone...

A. CONSERVATIVE OBSERVATION Most ureteral calculi pass and do not require intervention. Spontaneous passage depends on stone size,  shape,  location,  and associated ureteral edema (which is likely to depend on...

A. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Urinary stones can mimic other retroperitoneal and peritoneal pathologic states.  A full differential diagnosis of the acute abdomen should be made, including acute appendicitis, ectopic and unrecognized...

A. RENAL TRANSPLANTATION Urinary stones associated with renal transplantation are rare. Perirenal nerves are severed at the time of renal harvesting. Classic renal colic is not found in these patients....