Urinary Stone Disease

A. RENAL TRANSPLANTATION Urinary stones associated with renal transplantation are rare. Perirenal nerves are severed at the time of renal harvesting. Classic renal colic is not found in these patients. The patients usually are admitted with the presumptive diagnosis of […]

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Upper-tract urinary stones usually eventually cause pain. The character of the pain depends on the location. Calculi small enough to venture down the ureter usually have difficulty passing through the ureteropelvic junction, over the iliac vessels,  or entering the bladder […]

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1. Struvite -Struvite stones are composed of magnesium, ammonium, and phosphate (MAP). They are found most commonly in women and may recur rapidly. They frequently present as renal staghorn calculi and rarely present as ureteral stones except after surgical intervention […]

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A. CALCIUM CALCULI Calcifications can occur and accumulate in the collecting system,  resulting in nephrolithiasis.  Eighty to eighty-five percent of all urinary stones are calcareous. Calcium nephrolithiasis is most commonly due to elevated urinary calcium, elevated urinary uric acid, elevated […]

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A. CALCIUM Calcium is a major ion present in urinary crystals.  Only 50% of plasma calcium is ionized and available for filtration at the glomerulus. Well over 95% of the calcium filtered at the glomerulus is reabsorbed at both the […]

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