Medical Renal Disease

Defects of Hydrogen Ion Secretion & Bicarbonate Reabsorption (Classic Renal Tubular Acidosis, Type I) Failure to secrete hydrogen ion and to form ammonium ion results in loss of “fixed base” sodium, potassium, and calcium.  There is also a high rate […]

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Defects of Amino Acid Reabsorption A. Congenital Cystinuria Increased excretion of cystine results in the formation of cystine calculi in the urinary tract.  Ornithine,  arginine, and lysine are also excreted in abnormally large quantities. There is also a defect in […]

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The importance of inheritance and the familial incidence of disease warrant the inclusion of a classification of hereditary renal diseases. Although relatively uncommon in the population at large, hereditary renal disease must be recognized to permit early diagnosis for detection […]

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Interstitial Nephritis Acute interstitial diseases are usually due to sensitivity to drugs, including antibiotics (penicillin, sulfonamides), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and phenytoin. The pathologic hallmark of acute interstitial nephritis is the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the interstitium. A typical presentation […]

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A. SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS Edema may appear insidiously and increase slowly or can appear suddenly and accumulate rapidly. Symptoms other than those related to the mechanical effects of edema are not remarkable. On physical examination, massive peripheral edema is apparent.  […]

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Although it may not be accurate to classify all of these disorders as collagen diseases, disseminated lupus erythematosus, polyarteritis nodosa, microscopic angiitis scleroderma, Wegener’s granulomatosis,  Henoch-Schönlein purpura and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura have been implicated in cases of glomerulonephritis. The urine […]

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Essentials of Diagnosis and General Considerations Edema Proteinuria >3.5 g/day Hypoalbuminemia <3 g/dL Hyperlipidemia: cholesterol >300 mg/100 mL Lipiduria: free fat, oval fat bodies, fatty casts Because treatment and prognosis vary with the cause of nephrotic syndrome,  renal biopsy is […]

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The clinical manifestations of glomerular renal disease are apt to consist only of varying degrees of hematuria, excretion of characteristic formed elements in the urine,  proteinuria,  and renal insufficiency and its complications. Excluding diabetes, purported immunologic renal diseases are the […]

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This condition has several pulmonary-renal diseases. The patient usually gives a history of recent hemoptysis and often of malaise,  anorexia,  and headache.  A severe acute glomerulonephritis may be accompanied by diffuse hemorrhagic inflammation of the lungs. The urine shows gross […]

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