The torment of a kidney stone attack is not easily forgotten. It is often impossible to believe that something so little can cause so much pain. Most people who have...
Read moreThere are an estimated 600,000 new gonococcal infections per year in the United States. In men, most infections cause symptoms that cause the patient to seek treatment soon enough to...
Read moreUrethritis, or urethral inflammation, is often caused by infection. Characteristically, patients complain of urethral discharge and dysuria. On examination the discharge may be purulent or mucopurulent. Asymptomatic infections are common...
Read moreDefects of Hydrogen Ion Secretion & Bicarbonate Reabsorption (Classic Renal Tubular Acidosis, Type I) Failure to secrete hydrogen ion and to form ammonium ion results in loss of “fixed base”...
Read moreDefects of Amino Acid Reabsorption A. Congenital Cystinuria Increased excretion of cystine results in the formation of cystine calculi in the urinary tract. Ornithine, arginine, and lysine are also excreted...
Read moreThe importance of inheritance and the familial incidence of disease warrant the inclusion of a classification of hereditary renal diseases. Although relatively uncommon in the population at large, hereditary renal...
Read moreInterstitial Nephritis Acute interstitial diseases are usually due to sensitivity to drugs, including antibiotics (penicillin, sulfonamides), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and phenytoin. The pathologic hallmark of acute interstitial nephritis is the...
Read moreA. SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS Edema may appear insidiously and increase slowly or can appear suddenly and accumulate rapidly. Symptoms other than those related to the mechanical effects of edema are...
Read moreAlthough it may not be accurate to classify all of these disorders as collagen diseases, disseminated lupus erythematosus, polyarteritis nodosa, microscopic angiitis scleroderma, Wegener’s granulomatosis, Henoch-Schönlein purpura and thrombotic thrombocytopenic...
Read moreEssentials of Diagnosis and General Considerations Edema Proteinuria >3.5 g/day Hypoalbuminemia <3 g/dL Hyperlipidemia: cholesterol >300 mg/100 mL Lipiduria: free fat, oval fat bodies, fatty casts Because treatment and prognosis...
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