A. RENAL TRANSPLANTATION
Urinary stones associated with renal transplantation are rare. Perirenal nerves are severed at the time of renal harvesting. Classic renal colic is not found in these patients.

The patients usually are admitted with the presumptive diagnosis of graft rejection. Only after appropriate radiographic and ultrasonic evaluation is the…    



Urinary Stone Disease Evaluation

A. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
Urinary stones can mimic other retroperitoneal and peritoneal pathologic states.  A full differential diagnosis of the acute abdomen should be made, including acute appendicitis, ectopic and unrecognized pregnancies, ovarian pathologic conditions including twisted ovarian cysts, diverticular disease,  bowel obstruction,  biliary stones with and without obstruction, peptic ulcer disease, acute…    



Urinary Stone Disease Intervention

A. CONSERVATIVE OBSERVATION
Most ureteral calculi pass and do not require intervention.

Spontaneous passage depends on stone size,  shape,  location,  and associated ureteral edema (which is likely to depend on the length of time that a stone has not progressed). Ureteral calculi 4–5 mm in size have a 40–50% chance of spontaneous…    



Kidney Stone Prevalence in U.S. Increasing

Kidney stones are a growing problem in the United States, new data suggest.

Researchers who analyzed data from 12,110 participants in the 2007-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) found that 8.8% of respondents reported a history of kidney stones, up from 5.2% reported by 1994 NHANES respondents, according to an online report…