Urology

The internal and external genitalia of both sexes are genetically ‘programmed’ to differentiate passively down a ‘default’  female pathway unless actively switched down a male pathway by the genetic information...

Human gestation spans a period of 38 weeks, from fertilisation to birth. Conventionally, pregnancy is divided into three trimesters,  each of 3 months’ duration.  The formation of organs and systems...

A working knowledge of the embryology of the genitourinary tract provides the basis for understanding the structural anomalies encountered in paediatric urological practice. Although this section will concentrate predominantly on...