Medical renal diseases are those that involve principally the parenchyma of the kidneys. Hematuria, proteinuria, pyuria, oliguria, polyuria, pain, renal insufficiency with azotemia, acidosis, anemia, electrolyte abnormalities, and hypertension may occur in a wide variety of disorders affecting any portion of the parenchyma of the kidney, the blood vessels, or the excretory tract.

A complete medical history and physical examination, a thorough examination of the urine, and blood and urine chemistry examinations as indicated are essential initial steps in the workup of any patient ...... read more »

• Anomalies of the Proximal Tubule
• Hereditary Renal Diseases
• Diseases of the Renal Tubules & Interstitium
• Clinical Findings in Nephrosis
• Renal Involvement in Collagen Diseases
• Nephrotic Syndrome

• Edema
• Proteinuria >3.5 g/day
• Hypoalbuminemia <3 g/dL
• Hyperlipidemia: cholesterol >300 mg/100 mL
• Lipiduria: free fat, oval fat bodies, fatty casts

Because treatment and prognosis vary with the cause of nephrotic syndrome, renal biopsy is important. Light microscopy, electron microscopy, and immunofluorescence identification of immune mechanisms diagnose most causes of nephrosis.

Glomerular diseases associated with nephrosis include the following: ... read more »

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